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Chapter 1
The digestive system
Definition
General characteristics

Ancillary bodies
The Digestive Process

Basic functional concepts
Digestive organs

The mouth
The pharynx
The esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
The large intestine
The Liver
Gallbladder
Spleen
The pancreas
Salivary glands
The omentum

Digestion and absorption

Carbohydrate digestion and absorption
Protein digestion and absorption
Lipid digestion and absorption
Absorption of vitamins
Absorption of water and salts
Summary of absorption of digestive molecules

Obesity
History
Mechanisms
Treatment
Prevention
REVISION

Activity 1

Chapter 2
The endocrine system
Descriptive approach to the endocrine system

1) Transport of hormones
2) Hormonal mechanism of action

Main endocrine hormones

1) Pituitary gland
2) The Hypothalamus
3) The thyroid gland
3a) Parathyroid glands
5) The pancreas
6) The gonads
7) Other endocrine glands

Conclusion
Interactions-dysfunctions
REVISION

Activity 2

Chapter 3
The nervous system
Physiology of the nervous system

(I) INTRODUCTION
II) ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
(III) COMPONENTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Action potential and nerve impulses

(I) BASIC ELECTRICAL CONCEPT
II) MEMBRANE POTENTIALS
III) NERVE IMPULSES
IV) SYNAPSES
V) NEURAL INTEGRATION

The central nervous system

(I) INTRODUCTION
(II) THE BRAIN
(III) SPINAL CORD
(IV) NERVOUS SYSTEM INTEGRATION FUNCTIONS
(V) CLINICAL ASPECTS

The peripheral nervous system

(I) INTRODUCTION
(II) CRANIAL NERVES
III) SPINAL NERVES
(IV) CLINICAL ASPECTS
a) Peripheral nerve damage and regeneration
b) Neuritis
(c) Neuralgia
d) Herpes zoster (shingles)
(V) AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
a) Anatomy of the ANS
b) Sympathetic system / parasympathetic system
c) Functions of the ANS
Functions of the sympathetic

Stress

Mechanisms and reactions

Depression
REVISION
Chapter 4
The sense organs
Preliminary remarks from the perspective

The ocular bulb
Optical channels

Sense of hearing and balance

The hearing apparatus
Mechanism of hearing
Auditory pathways
A sense of balance
Sleeves, ampullary ridges and vestibular pathways
Disorders of vestibular function

The chemical senses: taste and olfaction

The gustation
Olfaction

Interaction-dysfunctions
REVISION

Activity 4

Answers
ANNEX

Index of pathologies