Energetic Approaches
Bioenergetics is the study of the overall energy exchanges of living organisms. It is therefore a holistic approach, which does not focus on the internal details of an organism, a field reserved for biochemists. Like all the systems in our body, the nutritional system has homeostasis. The objective is to keep certain physico-chemical levels of our internal environment close to a reference value, despite any outside disturbances. These levels are thus regulated around this reference value.
In this context, it is about maintaining body mass, both quantitatively (weight in kilograms) and qualitatively (body composition). This system is still not fully understood, and although not all factors involved in controlling body mass have been identified yet, numerous studies are ongoing.
The aim of this course is to enable the nutritional and energy assessment of individuals using a systemic approach, based on each person's metabolism and life characteristics.
The objectives of the course are as follows:
- To know and understand the basics of nutritional bioenergetics in general and for various nutrients in particular.
- To know and understand the calculation methods for energy needs and expenditures via food journals, lean body mass calculation, and physical activity rates.
- To know and understand different special cases in nutrition: childhood, pregnancy, aging.
- To know how to assess an individual’s nutritional status.
- To know and understand how to calculate values for basic nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, fats, calcium, iodine, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, vitamins A, B9, B12, C, D, E).
- To make connections with major food guides.
Included Learning Methods:
- E-Learning courses: an interactive, motivating, and effective learning method.
- Printable course booklets
- Online exams
- Access to the student center
- Videos and virtual library.
Course Content Description
Student Guide
- Course presentation and objectives
- References
- Learning method
- Initial contact
- Starting the study
- Responding to questions
- Self-correction
- Schedule your work hours
- Exam
- Move on to the next course
- Course answer grid # ……………………
Chapter 1
- Introduction to the Nutri-Energetic Aspect
- Introduction
- Energy exchanges
- The bio system
- The different types of energy exchanges
- The concept of enthalpy H
- Applications
- Energy produced
- Efficiency
- Cellular work
- Chemical synthesis work
- Energy expenditure
- The surface law
- Basal metabolism
- Nutritional balance and intermediary metabolism
- Metabolic crossroads
- Metabolic pathways:
- The importance of carbohydrates in energy metabolism
- Where does the cell get its ATP?
- Glycolysis
- The Krebs cycle
- Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation
- ATP: an essential molecule
- Glycogen and carbohydrates
- Energy role of fats
- Special case of amino acids in energy metabolism
- Hierarchy of metabolic pathways
- Storage:
- Maintaining carbohydrate homeostasis
- Maintaining muscle mass
- Maintaining blood sugar during fasting
- Review of knowledge
- Activity 1
CHAPTER 2
- Study of daily caloric intake
- Official nutritional intakes
- Energy requirements
- Daily energy balance calculation
- Different needs according to age and physical activity
- Food journal with portion and energy expenditure
- Lean body mass and physical activity level
- How to use the chart
- Establishing DRIs
- DRI tables for different types of foods
- Review of knowledge
- Activity 2
CHAPTER 3
- Nutrition and special cases
- Children in growth
- Generalities
- Recommended nutritional intakes for children.
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Generalities
- Deficiencies and specific needs
- Weight changes during pregnancy
- Foods and substances to avoid
- Physical activity during pregnancy
- Toxoplasmosis
- Diabetes during pregnancy
- Pathophysiology
- Gestational diabetes
- Risk factors for gestational diabetes
- Screening procedures vary by country
- Two screening methods in Canada:
- Gestational diabetes complications
- Management of gestational diabetes
- Hygiene and dietary rules
- Nutrition after age 60
- Generalities
- Diet
- Physical activity.
- Review of knowledge
- Activity 3
