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Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide
Teaching Method and Work Requirements
- Acknowledgement of Receipt of the A & P Student Guide for the A & P Course
- Beginning the Course
- Planning your Study Schedule
- Answering the Questions
- Correcting Your Answers
- Exam
- Sending Activities to the College
- Useful Information
The Human Body: An Orientation
Subject Matter To Focus On
- An Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
- Levels of Structural Organization
- Maintaining Life
- Homeostasis
- The Language of Anatomy
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 1.1
- Activity 1.2
- Activity 1.3
Chemistry Comes Alive
Subject Matter to Focus On
- Definition of Concepts: Matter and Energy
- Composition of Matter: Atoms and Elements
- How Matter is Combined: Molecules and Mixtures
- Chemical Bonds
- Chemical Reactions
- Inorganic Compounds
- Organic Compounds
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 2.1
- Activity 2.2
- Activity 2.3
Cell: The Living Units
Subject Matter to Focus On
- Overview of the Cellular Basis of Life
- The Plasma Membrane: Structure; Membrane Transport; Generation of a Resting Membrane Potential; Cell-Environment Interactions
- The Cytoplasm
- The Nucleus
- Cell Growth and Reproduction
- Extracellular Materials
- Developmental Aspects of Cells
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 3.1
- Activity 3.2
- Activity 3.3
Tissue: The Living Fabric
Subject Matter to Focus On
- Preparing Human Tissue for Microscopy
- Epithelial Tissue
- Nervous Tissue
- Muscle Tissue
- Covering and Lining Membranes
- Tissue Repair
- Developmental Aspects of Tissues
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 4.1
- Activity 4.2
- Activity 4.3
The Integumentary System
Subject Matter to Focus On
- The Skin
- Appendages of the Skin
- Functions of the Integumentary System
- Homeostatic Imbalances of Skin
- Developmental Aspects of the Integumentary System
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 5.1
- Activity 5.2
- Activity 5.3
Bones and Skeletal Tissues
Subject Matter to Focus On
- Skeletal Cartilages
- Classification of Bones
- Functions of Bones
- Bone Structure
- Bone Development
- Bone Homeostasis: Remodelling and Repair
- Homeostatic Imbalance of Bone
- Developmental Aspects of Bones: Timing of Events
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 6.1
- Activity 6.2
- Activity 6.3
The Skeleton
Subject Matter to Focus On
- The Skull
- The Vertebral Column
- The Thoracic Cage
- The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle
- The Upper Limbs
- The Pelvic (Hip) Girdle
- The Lower Limbs
- Developmental Aspects of the Skeleton
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 7.1
- Activity 7.2
- Activity 7.3
Joints
Subject Matter to Focus On
- Classification of Joints
- Fibrous Joints
- Cartilaginous Joints
- Synovial Joints
- Homeostatic Imbalance of Joints
- Developmental Aspects of Joints
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 8.1
- Activity 8.2
- Activity 8.3
Muscles and Muscular Tissue
Subject Matter To Focus On
- Overview of Muscle Tissues
- Skeletal Muscles
- Smooth Muscles
- Developmental Aspects of Muscles
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 9.1
- Activity 9.2
- Activity 9.3
The Muscular System
Subject Matter To Focus On
- Interaction of Skeletal Muscles in the Body
- Naming Skeletal Muscles
- Muscle Mechanics: Importance of Fascicle Arrangement and Leverage
- Major Skeletal Muscles of the Body
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 10.1
- Activity 10.2
- Activity 10.3
Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
Subject Matter to Focus On
- Functions and Divisions of the Nervous System
- Histology of the Nervous System
- Membrane Potential
- The Synapse
- Neurotransmitters and their Receptors
- Basic Concepts of Neural Integration
- Developmental Aspects of Neurons
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 11.1
- Activity 11.2
- Activity 11.3
The Central Nervous System
Subject Matter to Focus On
- The Brain
- Higher Mental Functions
- Protection of the Brain
- The Spinal Cord
- Diagnostic Procedures for Assessing CNS Dysfunction
- Developmental Aspects of the Central Nervous System
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 12.1
- Activity 12.2
- Activity 12.3
The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity
Subject Matter to Focus On
- Sensory Receptors
- Sensory Integration: From Sensation to Perception
- Nerves and Associated Ganglia
- Cranial Nerves
- Spinal Nerves
- Peripheral Motor Ending
- Motor Integration: From Intention to Effect
- The Reflex Arc
- Spinal Reflexes
- Developmental Aspects of the Peripheral Nervous System
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 13.1
- Activity 13.2
- Activity 13.3
The Autonomic Nervous System
Subject Matter to Focus On
- Introduction
- ANS Anatomy
- ANS Physiology
- Homeostatic Imbalances of the ANS
- Developmental Aspects of the ANS
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 14.1
- Activity 14.2
- Activity 14.3
Special Senses
Subject Matter To Focus On
- The Eye and Vision
- Chemical Senses: Taste and Smell
- The Ear: Hearing and Balance
- Developmental Aspects of the Special Senses
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 15.1
- Activity 15.2
- Activity 15.3
The Endocrine System
Subject Matter to Focus On
- The Endocrine System: An Overview
- Hormones
- The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
- The Thyroid Gland
- The Parathyroid Glands
- The Pineal Gland
- Other Endocrine Glands and Tissues
- Developmental Aspects of the Endocrine System
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 16.1
- Activity 16.2
- Activity 16.3
Blood
Subject Matter to Focus On
- Overview: Blood Composition and Functions
- Blood Plasma
- Formed Elements
- Homeostasis
- Transfusion and Blood Replacement
- Diagnostic Blood Tests
- Developmental Aspects of Blood
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 17.1
- Activity 17.2
- Activity 17.3
The Cardiovascular System: The Heart
- Subject Matter To Focus On
- Heart Anatomy
- Cardiac Muscle Fibers
- Heart Physiology
- Developmental Aspects of the Heart
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 18.1
- Activity 18.2
- Activity 18.3
The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels
- Subject Matter To Focus On
- Structure of Blood Vessel Walls
- Arterial System
- Capillaries
- Venous System
- Vascular Anastomoses
- Introduction to Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
- Systemic Blood Pressure
- Maintaining Blood Pressure
- Blood Flow through Body Tissues: Tissue Perfusion
- The Two Main Circulations of the Body
- Systemic Arteries and Veins: Differences in Pathways and Courses
- Principal Vessels of the Systemic Circulation
- Developmental Aspects of Blood Vessels
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 19.1
- Activity 19.2
- Activity 19.3
The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues
- Subject Matter To Focus On
- Lymphatic Vessels
- Lymphoid Cells and Tissues
- Lymph Nodes
- Other Lymphoid Organs
- Developmental Aspects of the Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 20.1
- Activity 20.2
- Activity 20.3
The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defense
Subject Matter To Focus On
- Surface Barriers: Skin and Mucosae
- Internal Defenses: Cells and Chemicals
- Antigens
- Cells of the Adaptive Immune System: An Overview
- Humoral Immune Response
- Cell-Mediated Immune Response
- Homeostasis Imbalances of Immunity
- Developmental Aspects of the Immune System
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 21.1
- Activity 21.2
- Activity 21.3
The Respiratory System
Subject Matter To Focus On
- Functional Anatomy of the Respiratory System
- Mechanics of Breathing
- Gas Exchanges between the Blood, Lungs, and Tissues
- Transport of Respiratory Gases by Blood
- Control of Respiration
- Respiratory Adjustments
- Homeostatic Imbalances of the Respiratory System
- Developmental Aspects of the Respiratory System
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 22.1
- Activity 22.2
- Activity 22.3
The Digestive System
Subject Matter To Focus On
- Digestive Processes
- Basic Functional Concepts
- Digestive System Organs: Relationship
- The Mouth and Associated Organs
- The Pharynx
- The Esophagus
- The Stomach
- The Small Intestine and Associated Structures
- The Large Intestine
- Chemical Digestion
- Absorption
- Developmental Aspects of the Digestive System
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 23.1
- Activity 23.2
- Activity 23.3
Nutrition, Metabolism, And Body Temperature Regulation
Subject Matter To Focus On
- Diet and Nutrition
- Overview of Metabolic Reactions
- Metabolism of Major Nutrients
- Metabolic States of the Body
- The Metabolic Role of the Liver
- Energy Balance
- Developmental Aspects of Nutrition and Metabolism
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 24.1
- Activity 24.2
- Activity 24.3
The Urinary System
Subject Matter To Focus On
- Kidney Anatomy
- Kidney Physiology: Mechanism of Urine Formation
- Urine
- Ureters
- Urinary Bladder
- Urethra
- Micturition
- Developmental Aspects of the Urinary System
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 25.1
- Activity 25.2
- Activity 25.3
Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-base Balance
Subject Matter To Focus On
- Body Fluids
- Water Balance and ECF Osmolality
- Electrolyte Balance
- Acid-Base Balance
- Developmental Aspects of Fluids and Acid-Base Balance
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 26.1
- Activity 26.2
- Activity 26.3
The Reproductive System
Subject Matter To Focus On
- Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System
- Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
- Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System
- Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
- Sexuality Transmitted Infections
- Developmental Aspects of the Reproductive System
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 27.1
- Activity 27.2
- Activity 27.3
Pregnancy and Human Development
Subject Matter To Focus On
- From Egg to Zygote
- Events of Embryonic Development: Zygote to Blastocyst Implantation
- Events of Embryonic Development: Gastrula to Fetus
- Events of Fetal Development
- Effects of Pregnancy on the Mother
- Parturition (Birth)
- Adjustment of the Infant to Extrauterine Life
- Lactation
- Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Cloning
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 28.1
- Activity 28.2
- Activity 28.3
Heredity
Subject Matter To Focus On
- The Vocabulary of Genetics
- Sexual Sources of Genetic Variation
- Types of Inheritance
- Environmental Factors in Gene Expression
- Nontraditional Inheritance
- Genetic Screening, Counseling, and Therapy
Answer & Correction Workspace
- Activity 29.1
- Activity 29.2
- Activity 29.3
Answers to the End-of-Chapter Questions for Human Anatomy and Physiology
