History and Foundations
This course covers medical history from Antiquity to present day, as well as the history of naturopathy in Europe, North America, and Quebec. It also defines the role of health practitioners in today’s medicine and presents their code of ethics.

Included Teaching Methods:
- E-Learning training: an interactive, motivating, and effective learning method.
- Printable course manuals
- Online exams
- Access to the student centre
- Videos and virtual library.
Course Content Description
Student Guide
- Exam submission deadline
- Schedule
- Modify deadline
- Important
- Objectives
Teaching method
- Initial contact
- Start the study
- Answering questions
- Self-correction
- Plan your work schedule
- Exam
- Move on to next course
- Course response sheet # ……………………
Chapter 1
Medical History
Some Definitions
- Medicine
- To heal
- Therapist/therapeutic
- Medication
- Iatros (Greek)
- Hygienist
- Pathos
SOURCES :
Main actors in history
- Ancient Greece
- Ancient Greek therapies
- The philosophical movement
PYTHAGORAS
EMPEDOCLES OF AGRIGENTO
HIPPOCRATES
- Original Hippocratic oath
- Revised Hippocratic oath
ARISTOTLE
SORANUS
Medicine with Two Faces
- Empiricism
- Rationalism
Pioneers’ approaches to medicine
- Hippocrates and empiricism
- Paracelsus and empiricism
- René Descartes
- An opposing approach
Empiricism at its height
Basic principles
The American Debate
- Professional medicine
- Thomsonism
- The Eclectic School of Medicine
- Calomel
- “Scientific medicine”
- The widening gap
- The pharmaceutical business
- Advertising
- Private foundations
- Medical training
The Arrival of Pathologists
- Bacteriologists
The 20th Century
- Conclusion
Review of Knowledge
- Activity 1
Chapter 2
History of Naturopathy
Introduction
- Germanic origins
The Hygienist School
- Vitalism
- Humorism
- Hygienism
- Holism
- Causalism
- Homeopathy
- Osteopathy, chiropractic
- The forerunner of naturopathy
- Connections between Europe and America
- The golden years
- Allopathic domination
- The rebirth of naturopathy
Legal aspect of naturopathy in North America
Naturopathy in Quebec
- Our Quebec ancestors
- The father of Quebec naturopathy
- Some important dates
Naturopathy in France
- The current working context
Review of Knowledge
- Activity 2
CHAPTER 3
Naturopathy Today
The Development of Alternative Practices
Health and Health Practitioners
- The role of awareness
- The role of the health practitioner in today’s medicine
- Consultation and treatment
CODE OF ETHICS
- The naturopath’s role
- In relation to medical law
CONCLUSION
Review of Knowledge
- Activity 3
Answer Keys
- Answer Key for Activity 1
- Answer Key for Activity 2
- Answer Key for Activity 3
References
Appendices
List of Forerunners of Alternative Medicines
Recognition Seen as a Continuum
- Recognition by the “educator”
- Recognition by the training institution
- Recognition by the place of training
- Recognition by professional rearticulation
- Implicit professional recognition
- Peer recognition
- Implicit formal recognition
- Insurance eligibility
- Recognition by social visibility
Graded Activities
Evaluation Questionnaire